{
  "verifiedAsOf": "2026-08-04",
  "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "CostMon, https://costmon.com/price-change-index",
  "entries": [
    {
      "id": "aws-public-ipv4-charge",
      "announcedOn": "2023-07-28",
      "effectiveOn": "2024-02-01",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Amazon EC2 (public IPv4 addresses)",
      "direction": "new-charge",
      "headline": "AWS started charging for every public IPv4 address, attached or not.",
      "magnitude": "+$0.005 / IP-hour",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "AWS",
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/new-aws-public-ipv4-address-charge-public-ip-insights/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "aws-ipv4-free-tier-750-hours",
      "announcedOn": "2024-02-01",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "AWS",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Amazon EC2 (public IPv4 addresses)",
      "direction": "free-tier",
      "headline": "AWS paired the new IPv4 charge with 750 free IPv4-hours a month, for new accounts only.",
      "magnitude": "750 IPv4-hrs/mo free",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "AWS",
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2024/02/aws-free-tier-750-hours-free-public-ipv4-addresses/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "aws-guardduty-malware-protection-s3-cut",
      "announcedOn": "2025-02-06",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "AWS",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Amazon GuardDuty (Malware Protection for S3)",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "AWS cut GuardDuty's S3 malware-scanning price by 85%.",
      "magnitude": "−85% ($0.60→$0.09/GB)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "AWS",
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2025/02/amazon-guardduty-malware-protection-s3-price-reduction/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "aws-ec2-gpu-instances-price-cut-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-06-05",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "AWS",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Amazon EC2 (P5, P5en, P4d, P4de GPU instances)",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "AWS cut On-Demand GPU instance prices by up to 45%.",
      "magnitude": "up to −45% (P5)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "AWS",
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2025/06/pricing-usage-model-ec2-instances-nvidia-gpus/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "aws-vpc-encryption-controls-new-charge",
      "announcedOn": "2026-03-01",
      "effectiveOn": "2026-03-01",
      "provider": "AWS",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Amazon VPC (Encryption Controls)",
      "direction": "new-charge",
      "headline": "VPC Encryption Controls stopped being a free preview and started billing per VPC-hour.",
      "magnitude": "$0.15 / VPC-hour (us-east-1)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "AWS",
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2026/03/vpc-encryption-controls-pricing/"
      },
      "rateSource": {
        "publisher": "AWS VPC pricing",
        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/vpc/pricing/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "gce-external-ipv4-price-increase-2024",
      "announcedOn": "2023-09-28",
      "effectiveOn": "2024-02-01",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Google Compute Engine (external IPv4 addresses)",
      "direction": "increase",
      "headline": "Google Cloud raised the hourly charge on in-use external IPv4 addresses.",
      "magnitude": "$0.004→$0.005/hr",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google Cloud",
        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vpc/pricing-announce-external-ips"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "bigquery-editions-on-demand-increase-2023",
      "announcedOn": "2023-03-29",
      "effectiveOn": "2023-07-05",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "BigQuery",
      "direction": "increase",
      "headline": "BigQuery raised on-demand query pricing 25% the same day it retired flat-rate slots.",
      "magnitude": "+25% on-demand",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google Cloud",
        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics/introducing-new-bigquery-pricing-editions"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "cloud-sql-extended-support-new-charge-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2024-05-29",
      "effectiveOn": "2025-05-01",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Cloud SQL",
      "direction": "new-charge",
      "headline": "Cloud SQL began billing instances left running on end-of-life MySQL or PostgreSQL versions.",
      "magnitude": "new per-vCPU/hr fee",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google Cloud",
        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/extended-support-for-end-of-life-cloud-sql-mysql-and-postgresql"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "cloud-build-e2-regional-price-update-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-10-15",
      "effectiveOn": "2025-11-01",
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Cloud Build",
      "direction": "increase",
      "headline": "Cloud Build repriced its e2 machines by region, raising build minutes in some and trimming others.",
      "magnitude": "e.g. $0.064→$0.0705/build-min (us-east1)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google Cloud",
        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/pricing-update"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gke-single-tier-multicluster-free-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-08-26",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Google Cloud",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Google Kubernetes Engine",
      "direction": "free-tier",
      "headline": "GKE folded paid multi-cluster management into the Standard tier at no extra charge.",
      "magnitude": "fleet mgmt now $0",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google Cloud",
        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes/gke-gets-new-pricing-and-capabilities-on-10th-birthday"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "azure-currency-price-alignment-2023",
      "announcedOn": "2023-01-31",
      "effectiveOn": "2023-04-01",
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Microsoft Azure (non-USD billing)",
      "direction": "increase",
      "headline": "Azure raised local-currency prices in the UK, EU, and Nordics to track the USD exchange rate.",
      "magnitude": "+9% to +15% (non-USD)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Microsoft Azure",
        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/microsoft-cost-management-updates-january-2023/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "azure-inter-az-bandwidth-free-2024",
      "announcedOn": "2024-05-21",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Azure Virtual Network (inter-AZ bandwidth)",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Azure zeroed out the bandwidth charge for traffic between Availability Zones in the same region.",
      "magnitude": "→ $0/GB",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Microsoft Azure",
        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/update-on-interavailability-zone-data-transfer-pricing/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "azure-ultra-disk-price-cut-uk-south-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-09-02",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Microsoft Azure",
      "providerGroup": "cloud",
      "service": "Azure Ultra Disk (Managed Disks)",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Azure cut Ultra Disk IOPS and throughput pricing in UK South by up to 80%.",
      "magnitude": "−60% IOPS / −80% throughput",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Microsoft Azure",
        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/?id=499411"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gpt-4o-half-price-vs-gpt-4-turbo",
      "announcedOn": "2024-05-13",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "OpenAI",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "GPT-4o API",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "GPT-4o launched at half the price of GPT-4 Turbo, with 5x the rate limit.",
      "magnitude": "−50% vs GPT-4 Turbo",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gpt-5-launch-pricing",
      "announcedOn": "2025-08-07",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "OpenAI",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "GPT-5 API",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "GPT-5 replaced the GPT-4o/o-series lineup with one model family sold at three price points.",
      "magnitude": "$1.25 / $10 per M tokens",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpt-5-for-developers/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gpt-5-5-price-increase",
      "announcedOn": "2026-04-24",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "OpenAI",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "GPT-5.5 API",
      "direction": "increase",
      "headline": "GPT-5.5 launched priced higher than GPT-5.4, betting token efficiency would offset it.",
      "magnitude": "$5 / $30 per M tokens",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpt-5-5/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gpt-5-6-luna-terra-price-cut",
      "announcedOn": "2026-07-30",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "OpenAI",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "GPT-5.6 API (Luna, Terra)",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "OpenAI cut GPT-5.6 Luna's price 80% and Terra's 20%, leaving the flagship tier untouched.",
      "magnitude": "Luna −80%, Terra −20%",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "OpenAI",
        "url": "https://openai.com/index/advancing-the-price-performance-frontier-with-gpt-5-6/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "anthropic-message-batches-api-50-off",
      "announcedOn": "2024-10-08",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Anthropic",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Claude API (Message Batches)",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "Anthropic launched a batch endpoint priced at half the standard API rate.",
      "magnitude": "−50% vs standard API",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "url": "https://claude.com/blog/message-batches-api"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "anthropic-token-saving-updates-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-03-13",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Anthropic",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Claude 3.7 Sonnet API",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Anthropic cut tool-use output tokens on Claude 3.7 Sonnet by up to 70%.",
      "magnitude": "up to −70% output tokens",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "url": "https://claude.com/blog/token-saving-updates"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "claude-haiku-4-5-pricing",
      "announcedOn": "2025-10-15",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Anthropic",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Claude Haiku 4.5",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "Claude Haiku 4.5 launched at a third of Sonnet 4's price for comparable coding performance.",
      "magnitude": "$1 / $5 per M tokens",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-haiku-4-5"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "claude-opus-4-5-pricing-cut",
      "announcedOn": "2025-11-24",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Anthropic",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Claude Opus 4.5",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Claude Opus 4.5 cut Opus-tier pricing to $5/$25 per million tokens.",
      "magnitude": "$5 / $25 per M tokens",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Anthropic",
        "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-opus-4-5"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gemini-2-5-flash-stable-repricing-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-06-17",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Google (Gemini)",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Gemini 2.5 Flash API",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "Gemini 2.5 Flash's stable release raised input price but cut output price and merged two rate tiers into one.",
      "magnitude": "in +100%, out −29%",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google",
        "url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/gemini-2-5-thinking-model-updates/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gemini-3-pro-launch-pricing-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-11-18",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Google (Gemini)",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Gemini 3 Pro API",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "Gemini 3 Pro launched as Google's new flagship, at a higher output rate than 2.5 Pro.",
      "magnitude": "$2 / $12 per M tokens",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google",
        "url": "https://blog.google/technology/developers/gemini-3-developers/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gemini-3-flash-caching-batch-pricing-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-12-17",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Google (Gemini)",
      "providerGroup": "ai",
      "service": "Gemini 3 Flash API",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Gemini 3 Flash turned on context caching by default, cutting repeated-token cost up to 90%.",
      "magnitude": "up to −90% w/ caching",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Google",
        "url": "https://blog.google/technology/developers/build-with-gemini-3-flash/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "github-copilot-free-tier-2024",
      "announcedOn": "2024-12-18",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "GitHub",
      "providerGroup": "saas",
      "service": "GitHub Copilot (free tier)",
      "direction": "free-tier",
      "headline": "GitHub made Copilot free in VS Code, capped at 2,000 completions a month.",
      "magnitude": "2,000 completions free/mo",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "GitHub",
        "url": "https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/github-copilot-in-vscode-free/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "mongodb-atlas-flex-tier-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-02-06",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "MongoDB Atlas",
      "providerGroup": "saas",
      "service": "MongoDB Atlas (cluster tiers)",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "MongoDB merged its Shared and Serverless tiers into one Flex tier with a capped bill.",
      "magnitude": "$8 base, capped $30/mo",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "MongoDB",
        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/blog/post/dynamic-workloads-predictable-costs-mongodb-atlas-flex-tier"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "vercel-active-cpu-pricing-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-06-25",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Vercel",
      "providerGroup": "saas",
      "service": "Vercel Functions (Fluid compute)",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Vercel switched Functions billing to active CPU time instead of full wall-clock duration.",
      "magnitude": "−53% ($0.318→$0.149/hr)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Vercel",
        "url": "https://vercel.com/blog/introducing-active-cpu-pricing-for-fluid-compute"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "snowflake-snowpipe-unified-pricing-2025",
      "announcedOn": "2025-12-08",
      "effectiveOn": null,
      "provider": "Snowflake",
      "providerGroup": "saas",
      "service": "Snowflake Snowpipe",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Snowflake moved Snowpipe to one flat per-GB rate, cutting ingestion cost for some teams over 50%.",
      "magnitude": "flat 0.0037 credits/GB",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Snowflake",
        "url": "https://www.snowflake.com/en/blog/cutting-data-engineering-costs/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "github-copilot-ai-credits-2026",
      "announcedOn": "2026-04-27",
      "effectiveOn": "2026-06-01",
      "provider": "GitHub",
      "providerGroup": "saas",
      "service": "GitHub Copilot (billing model)",
      "direction": "restructure",
      "headline": "GitHub replaced Copilot's flat premium-request billing with usage-based AI credits.",
      "magnitude": "$10-$39 credits/mo",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "GitHub",
        "url": "https://github.blog/news-insights/company-news/github-copilot-is-moving-to-usage-based-billing/"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    },
    {
      "id": "vercel-turbo-build-machines-price-cut-2026",
      "announcedOn": "2026-04-15",
      "effectiveOn": "2026-04-27",
      "provider": "Vercel",
      "providerGroup": "saas",
      "service": "Vercel Build Machines",
      "direction": "cut",
      "headline": "Vercel cut Turbo build machine pricing 16% and unified every tier to one per-CPU rate.",
      "magnitude": "−16% ($0.126→$0.105/min)",
      "source": {
        "publisher": "Vercel",
        "url": "https://vercel.com/changelog/reduced-pricing-for-turbo-build-machines"
      },
      "rateSource": null
    }
  ]
}