Why a storage bill only ever goes up
Storage is the one AWS bill category where nothing forces a conversation. An oversized EC2 instance eventually throttles a workload and gets noticed; a storage bill just grows a little every month with no failure mode attached to it at all. EBS bills the size you provisioned, not the size you use, so a volume resized up during a traffic spike stays at that size forever unless someone remembers to size it back down.
S3 has its own version of the same problem. Versioning keeps every prior copy of an object, not just the current one, and an incomplete multipart upload (the kind left behind by a failed deploy, or a client that dropped the connection mid-upload) sits there consuming storage without ever appearing in a normal object listing. Snapshots pile up on a schedule with no expiry date attached by default, and nobody wants to be the one who deletes the backup that turns out to have been needed. So the safest-feeling move is to leave it all alone, and that's how a bill slowly turns into something nobody can explain.
How the calculator works
The S3 panel prices the same pool of data three ways: left entirely in Standard, handed to Intelligent-Tiering's three automatic tiers (Frequent Access, Infrequent Access at 30 days cold, Archive Instant Access at 90 days cold), and moved by an explicit lifecycle rule to Standard-IA at 30 days cold and Glacier Instant Retrieval at 90 days cold. The two scenarios use the same two inputs and land close together, because Intelligent-Tiering's automatic tiers are priced identically to the manual classes they mirror.
What separates them is the risk, not the rate. Intelligent-Tiering charges no retrieval fee on any automatic tier and carries no early-delete exposure, so guessing wrong about an access pattern costs you nothing beyond the monitoring fee. Guess wrong with a hand-written lifecycle rule and you pay retrieval charges plus an early-delete penalty. The lifecycle scenario is the only one where the calculator bills retrieval at all.
The EBS panel prices three independent fixes at once: deleting unattached volumes outright, migrating whatever gp2 is left to gp3, and archiving whichever snapshots are eligible. None of them depend on each other, so the total saving is always just the sum of the three, with no double-counting.